Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies

Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies

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Highlights A pragmatic individual measure of individual gender would correspond to the level at which an individual complies with a set of elements constituting femininity or masculinity in a given population, place and time Comparing outcomes by sex and gender is not sufficient, and even misleading, to understand the Nocturnal Ink West Coast Blend Set of 3 mechanisms underlying biological and health differences between men and women Causal analysis framework is a powerful tool for refining hypotheses and identifying the effects that can and should be estimated to meet the objectives Gender could also be measured at the populational-level as an interaction between sex and environment, which Hybrid Drum would be more compatible with the sociological concept of gender.